Medications

The Costs of Medications

In 2018 I wrote “The Costs of Chronic Conditions” highlighting how many of our condition management costs are not recognised by “the system”.

Today, I’m going to look at medication costs in more specific detail, to paint a realistic picture of what happens. Similarly to my article yesterday, I hope family and friends may find this useful in building their understanding of the financial situation the patient in their lives is perhaps dealing with. The details I provide here are simply to paint the landscape. Every patient will be different, but the overall picture is one of many dollars on medications, not all covered by the Concession Card (IF the patient has one). Most of us don’t just take one medication for one condition: as you will see here, we end up taking medications to counteract the actions of other medications. It gets messy. And costly.

I am very concerned that a number of Long Covid patients are going to find themselves in exactly this situation, without a Concession Card.

For ease of calculation and summarisation, in this article the medication prices I quote are rounded up to the nearest whole dollar. E.g. Panadol Osteo is $9.49 where I buy it, in this article I’m citing $10. Prices vary between brands and retailers, I’m using the pricing of the brands I buy.

“But you have a Concession Card, your prescriptions are only $7.30!” I hear people cry. SOME of our prescriptions are only $7.30. Some, by no means all. On top of that many of us need over-the-counter medications. Prime example is the Panadol Osteo mentioned above. Not a prescription medication. $9.49 for 96 tablets. Six tablets a day usually, so that will last 16 days.

While on the topic of pain management, here is a strange anomaly for you. Palexia is a good pain medication that comes in both instant release and slow release. Guess what? The slow release is covered under the Concession Card (CC), the instant release is not. $20 for 20 tablets. I have needed both formulations during my recent “difficulties“. How long does 20 tablets last? Depends on the situation.

Here’s were it starts to get complicated. Pain medications have a well earned reputation for causing constipation. So now, per my gastroenterologist, I need to counteract that by buying Coloxyl and Movicol, both over-the-counter medications. Movicol is $20 for 30 sachets. Coloxyl is $14 for 100 tablets. Pain medications can also cause nausea, hence the Ondansetron (prescription, not covered by CC), although I do suffer nausea from time to time even without pain medication.

If I am taking NSAIDs (non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs e.g. Celebrex) I have to double my Somac (pantoprazole). So while Somac is covered by the CC, now I need to fill the prescription more often resulting in increased cost.

Of the 16 items (a mix of OTC and prescription) listed below, only seven are covered under the CC. Less than half.

MedicationCost
Panadol Osteo$10
Movicol$20
Coloxyl$14
Palexia SR$7
Palexia IR$20
Somac$7
Prednisolone$7
Celebrex$7
The magic biologic$7
Thyroxine$7
HRT$7
Enstilar Foam$7
Dymista (nasal spray)$49
Saxenda$387
Zyrtec (for hayfever)$30
Ondansetron$17

There are other things not listed above. The Fess Saline Nasal & Sinus Wash kit was $13. Because of my psoriasis I don’t use soap or typical shampoo. T/Gel shampoo is $15 and Ego Pinetarsol solution is $22.

If I were starting from scratch to get all my “stuff” I would need $653 to buy all the above.

Then there are the unexpected events, such as needing an ultrasound guided steroid shot in a finger recently. When booking, I was told the cost would be $285. I said that’s fine, I’ve reached the Medicare Safety Net Threshold. The staff member did not tell me $115 of that charge was NOT rebateable!

Why am I tacking Saxenda? Because both Prednisolone and Thyroxine can make the patient hungry. Diabetes is a common comorbidity with PsA, so this is preventative, we do not need me developing diabetes. I should clinically be on Ozempic (MUCH cheaper) but there is a shortage as we know.

If a patient is still working and not on a CC, then the prescriptions will be dearer. Yes, there is a PBS Safety Net, but not all medications count towards it – talk to your pharmacist about your specific medications. Non-prescription items like Movicol and Coloxyl do not count towards the Safety Net either.

You or your family member may be on completely different medications and OTC products, but the overall picture is likely to be very similar. Lots of dollars for lots of items.

The picture above does not have everything in it, I just grabbed enough packets to populate a photo! In my forties, had you asked me for a Panadol, I probably would not have had any in the house. How times change.

I only have me to worry about. What of a young mother with my conditions? Finding those dollars could be very difficult. That patient may skip medications in order to feed her children. We need to improve our support of chronically ill patients, as I discuss in “Will Society Adapt? When? How?“

Footnote: In this article I have NOT addressed the issue of very expensive medications that are not subsidied under the PBS at all. Years ago a girlfriend of mine was spending $3,000 every six weeks for an infusion. She campaigned to get that medication onto the PBS, but by the time that happened, her savings were virtually non-existent.

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A Dark Day

Trigger warning: this article covers issues that some people may find confronting.

Please be aware as you read this, I am fine. I debated about sharing this experience as I don’t want to worry anyone, but on the other hand the purpose of this site is to help people like me living with challenging health conditions. Yes, the primary emphasis is on exercise and Movement As Medicine, but so much of “life” impacts our struggle on a daily basis, I do venture off on non-movement tangents. This is one of them.

I feel if I do not share this experience, I am not being fair to my readers. One of my objectives is to illustrate we are not alone in our battles. The challenges might be different for each of us, but there are threads of similarity.

As we know, I was recently hospitalised. While there I had three methylprednisolone infusions. Shortly after coming out of hospital my prednisolone (by tablet) dosage was upped to 50 mg per day due to my ongoing psoriatic arthritis (PsA) inflammation. For me, that is a LOT of corticosteroid. It may not clinically be a lot, but I do not know that – I am the patient here, not the clinician.

Most of my life, I avoided anything “cortisone” sounding like the plague. Why? Well, the answer to that can be found in my recently published family history trilogy, starting with “The Background“. In case of “too long; did not read” reactions, short version is my mother committed suicide, I suspect as the result of psychosis – a possible adverse reaction to cortisone use. She had been on cortisone most of her adult life. Probably at higher doses that we now use. Consequently I have always been wary of carrying a possible genetic predisposition to an adverse reaction to the medication.

Over the years since my diagnosis of PsA, I’ve taken prednisolone periodically at generally small doses with no major issues. Sure, for me, it makes me as hungry as a lion, causes fluid retention, weight gain, disrupts sleep (OH, does it disrupt sleep) and my ability to control emotions is reduced. If I am angry, you will hear it in my voice and see it in my eyes.

Today is Wednesday. Yesterday started with absolutely no sleep Monday night. I had slept like a baby Sunday night, which may have been part of the problem – I wasn’t tired Monday night. And yes, Movement As Medicine does come into this because on Monday I did very little movement because I had been to see my GP, driving around, my ankles were sore etc: the very reason I was taking prednisolone in the first place, after all. So I went to bed not physically tired. I couldn’t fall asleep, even with melatonin on board. I did not sleep. All night. May have snagged an hour between 6 am and 7 am, but I’m not even sure of that.

So Tuesday was a pretty shit day, to be honest. It got worse as the day went on. I did not get dressed. There was no lipstick. I felt really, really flat. If anything, a bit like I had felt when I had a reaction to methotrexate. I think that prior experience may have been concerning me a little as well.

Please note: both the medications I talk about in this article work brilliantly for a great many people! I am NOT against the medications themselves in any way.

Now, I’m not sure how to make this next bit clear: if it is unclear, please ask for clarification. The doctor will ask (as she did when I rang) are you having any thoughts of self-harm or suicide. And my answer is “No, not for ME, but I am always aware BOTH my parents did commit suicide and am VERY clear to myself that is NOT where I want to go. HOWEVER, I’m very ignorant (Note to self – fix this ignorance) about what or how “it” could happen. Therefore I think about it in terms of the history and the fact I am on a related medication.”

Now, I have no clinical evidence of my mother’s suspected adverse reaction. However, neither am I going to ignore the possibility. Sadly, I can’t get clinical evidence. It is too long ago, I was provided no medical records at the time. It wasn’t deemed necessary to give kids their parents’ medical records.

At 6:30 pm last night I rang my wonderful GP clinic. I do love them so much! My GP was not available but I did speak to another GP. I explained the situation and said my biggest concern, I realised, was I had NO IDEA what to watch out for IF I was having or going to have a adverse reaction. I also pointed out it could just be the absolutely no sleep, I was aware of that. At this point I hadn’t slept for 36 hours.

The GP pointed out psychosis was considered a very slight risk adverse reaction: I said I understand that, but my family history sort of counteracts that statistic in my mind. I prefer to be cautious!

The GP gave me some contact numbers specific to my location (hence I’m not publishing them as not much use to people in Queensland, for example) should I feel worse at (say) midnight.

Because I was SO exhausted by bedtime I slept like a log and woke up this morning feeling normal. Well, normal for a sick person on ten prescription medications and a few non-prescription ones like melatonin and Panadol Osteo plus Coloxyl to counteract the effects of the pain medications. At no time in my previous eight years of this journey have I been on TEN prescription medications at once and hope very shortly we get that down to three and then two (one for the thyroid, one for the PsA – that’s enough). Do I worry about possible interactions of so many meds all at once? Yes, I do. I just hope if there was a problem it would have been discovered before now.

My message here is don’t be afraid to reach out to your medical team. I could have called my psychologist, my rheumatologist or my GP. I chose my GP because she is who I feel knows me best and would most easily understand where I was coming from. I feel really concerned for chronically ill patients who do not have continuity of provider, it is SO important in managing our conditions. Critical, in my view. But what would I know – I’m just a patient. That comment is made with a very cheeky grin – none of us are “just a patient”. I can’t emphasise strongly enough the benefit it was to me to be able to talk my concerns through with the GP last night on a telehealth. I was able to go to bed not worrying, which I feel contributed to my good night’s sleep.

I’m back to this version of me today!

Mental Health Contacts:

Lifeline: https://www.lifeline.org.au/ Ph: 13 11 14

Beyond Blue https://www.beyondblue.org.au/ Ph: 1300 224 636

I have written about the need for mental health support previously: We Need Mental Health as well as Physical Health

Robyn Dunphy2 Comments
Wellways

Interview by Brainwaves

I was recently Interviewed by Brainwaves of Wellways.

The podcast can be listened to at https://www.3cr.org.au/brainwaves/episode/robyn%E2%80%99s-story-chronic-illness

Suzie (@saysgrumpysuzie) drew this tweet below to my attention this morning, an aspect we touched on in my interview.

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Symptom Diary

Symptom Diaries

Oh, you are lucky today! Both a video AND text – choose whichever you like!

I first heard about the concept of symptom diaries about six years ago. I had moved and was looking for a new GP. A friend had recommended the clinic I am still with: I was calling to make my first appointment. As is often the case, I was placed on hold and while listening to the recorded information I heard: “Bring your symptom diary.”

To me, at that point in my journey, the concept of a symptom diary smacked of hypochondria and that horrified me. However, we live and learn and I now recognise the value of a symptom diary and I keep one.

A symptom diary allows you to provide your doctors with accurate information about your condition/(s).

  • What happened
  • When things happened
  • Quantification of improvements or otherwise
  • Pattern analysis
  • Trend analysis

Let’s look at examples of each of the above.

What Happened: Many chronic illness patients, myself included, experience a degree of cognitive impairment (otherwise referred to as “brain fog”). This means we forget things. If we forget things we don’t tell our doctors and they are then operating on limited information. We don’t see our doctors regularly – it can be months between visits!

When Things Happened: We may remember what happened but forget when – and when can be important especially if the patient is changing medications or has (as many of us do) multiple conditions. One specialist may change a treatment that may impact a different condition. I remember back in 2014 my rheumatologist wouldn’t start me on arthritis treatment until we had progressed some way along the path of controlling my thyroid. There are often relationships between conditions.

Quantification: I can say to my doctor “I’m losing strength”. While somewhat useful, it is much more useful if I can quantify the loss. If I can say to my doctor I was doing 140 kgs on the leg press but two weeks ago I had to drop 10 kgs and again this week another 10 kgs. Or walking: if I have recorded a drop from being able to easily walk 2 kms in one session but am now struggling to walk 1 km in a session, that quantifies the change over time.

Pattern Analysis: We may find something happens on a regular basis IF we are recording it. Let’s say we find we are really stiff and sore every Thursday morning. If we know it is every Thursday, then we can look at what are we doing on Wednesdays or Tuesdays that may be triggering a flare on Thursdays. Without recording it, we may not even realise it is every Thursday.

Trend Analysis: Recording allows us to see if we are progressing, stable or our condition is worsening. It may give us early warning. On the basis a stitch in time saves nine, catching something early can be a good thing.

Even if your doctor never looks at your symptom diary, it provides you with the ability to provide good information to your doctor. I have hard copy diaries, yes, I write in them in old fashioned cursive! Yes, I swear. I also use the Notes app on my phone for some things. Find what works for you.

As I have said before, we are the foot soldiers in our health war. Our doctors are the commanders back in HQ, they don’t see what happens to us each and every day, they are depending on us to submit a comprehensive field report!

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Choosing Your Doctor/(s)

At the risk of the medical profession banning me for life, yes, I’m going to look at this topic. Let me say at the start I have a great medical team: my GP, my specialists, my surgeons and my allied health practitioners are all fantastic. If they weren’t, they wouldn’t be in my team. It is that simple. Of course, they aren’t “mine” as in, I don’t own exclusive rights to them. Even so, to me, they are “mine”. I do share them with other nice patients!

My condition, psoriatic arthritis, is not terminal: so while my life does not depend on my doctors, my quality of life certainly does. In my experience, it is important to feel you “click” with your doctor/(s). I think that is important to anyone managing a chronic condition. We aren’t popping in once a year to have our blood pressure and heart rate checked or for an annual blood test. We need to be able to communicate on an ongoing and regular basis, years in fact, with someone we trust and whom we feel trusts us. Our relationship with our long-term doctors is, in my view, critical to ensuring we achieve patient goals. There would be no point in my seeing doctors who were not as into Movement As Medicine as I am, for example. Continuity of care is also important. I don’t have to relate my history every time I go for an appointment, my practitioners know my history.

Now, doctors are just the same as the rest of us. They may relocate, they may take maternity leave, they may make a career change. I’ve had my GPs take maternity leave, I had an endocrinologist move into management, a psychologist give up private practice. Or we move – I changed endocrinologist, gastroenterologist and GP when I moved from one side of town to the other. Doctors retire – my rheumatologist is currently in the process and I have proactively moved to one of his colleagues to ensure a smooth transition of care. Even if you are happy with your current doctor/(s), there will no doubt be a time you have to change.

Patients need to think about what is important to them, aside from clinical expertise. If you feel you gel or click with your doctor, you are more likely to follow their advice and instructions.

What do I look for (other than clinical/surgical expertise)?

Top of the list is a sense of humour. One of the ways I deal with my disease is humour and I need my doctors to be on board with that. This would not work for everyone, I acknowledge that.

The doctors need to have moved on from their registrar days in hospitals and not expect their sick patients to look sick! That’s me on my invisible illness crusade again. It doesn’t matter how much pain I am in, if I can get that lippy on, I will have it on. Don’t look for a lack of lippy as an indication of my state of health.

Me after my total knee replacement surgery. My nails were painted by Day 2!

Don’t speak to me like I am a child. The doctor is trained in their field, I’m trained in mine, don’t think I’m less intelligent that you are! If the doctor can’t adequately answer my questions, that says more about the doctor than about me. I don’t care how “medically dumb” my question is, I expect a proper explanation because I’m not medically trained – if I was, I may not have asked the question. Gold star to my knee surgeon, by the way. He excelled!

Which brings me to arguing debating. Yes, I will debate issues with my doctors. Once we’ve agreed a strategy, I’m a very compliant patient, because I then have equal ownership of the decisions made. Let’s face it, I’m the foot soldier here. The doctors are the commanders back at headquarters, they aren’t in my home every day ensuring I take my medications, (try to) sleep right, eat right and exercise. They aren’t the ones doing the hard yards managing my health on a day-to-day basis, I am. Flip side note here: I was once a member of a support group and another patient said her rheumatologist was going to be cross with her. Why, she was asked. Because she hadn’t filled the prescription the rheumatologist had given her three months ago. I don’t know how doctors deal with situations like that, I don’t think I’d be good at it! SO I take my hat off to those doctors that manage those situations smoothly.

The ability to admit they don’t know something. I don’t expect any medical professional to know everything (there is SO MUCH to know), but I do expect them to be open enough to say, “I don’t know, I’ll find out” or “I don’t know, ask your [other] specialist”. This is also about being curious. Your doctor needs to be the curious type. Those of us categorised as “complex comorbid” are not text book cases. Symptoms may be caused by any one of a number of conditions. I recently did the specialist merry-go-round to find the cause of an issue. From GP to gastroenterologist to rheumatologist to endocrinologist. Also, research takes about 15 years to become embedded in practice. Curiosity can work in our (the patients’) favour.

Although this is a bit of a long shot (I was lucky), it can definitely help if the doctor or specialist has an interest in the particular condition you have. Or has it themselves, which just about ensures a specific interest. Again, doctors are people too – they aren’t all text book “healthy”. They may have an interest in a specific condition because a family member or friend has that condition or simply because it interests them. We all have specific interest in our lives: yesterday was Melbourne Cup Day – I am not the slightest bit interested, but a girlfriend will have been there in all her finest frockery. I went to the gym and lifted heavy things. Why does one person become a virologist and another a microbiologist? Something about each attracts that specific person. My hope is they will be more up-to-date with treatment developments if they have that specific interest.

I do like to see they look after their own health. They exercise, don’t smoke, wear a mask (re Covid-19) and hopefully get enough sleep. Sleep can be difficult when hospitals ring anaesthetists at 3 am in the morning when a patient’s pain is uncontrolled, I know. I wonder how many calls each night some receive. To my way of thinking, if a doctor doesn’t follow the advice they give to patients, why should the patient follow that advice? Of course, as noted above, some doctors have chronic conditions themselves so they may not look like the embodiment of Superman or Superwoman and that’s fine.

Have I ever had a problem with a doctor? Yes, I have. I once ended up with two Merina IUDs in my body and was not at all well as a result. The story is a bit long for this article, but the experience taught me that patients have every right to question and to go to another practitioner if deemed appropriate. Which is exactly what I did in that case.

There are times when we have no choice. A friend had surgery that was only available from one surgeon in Australia at the time. Whether he liked the surgeon or not was not a consideration – if he wanted the surgery, that’s who my friend had to go to.

Yes, cost is a factor as well. Clearly I am not talking about attending out-patient clinics in public hospitals where there is no choice of practitioner and it is possible the patient sees a different doctor each time they attend an appointment. I am an avid supporter of public health, but there are ways we could try to improve it especially in relation to chronic illness patients. Seeing doctors in private practice means you need to ensure you really understand how the safety net threshold works and that you are registered correctly as a family or couple if applicable.

One’s relationship with one’s doctors in not quite the same as with other service providers. A plumber comes in, fixes the drain and leaves. Job done. One’s relationship with one’s health care providers is more personal than that. The impact on my life could be considerable, so I need to feel I have the right doctors for me.

One problem is this. I’d love to take my GP out for dinner, but my understanding is that is ethically inappropriate, sadly. I also have an awful feeling we’d get into trouble – and I suspect if she reads this I am in trouble. I have sent a previous GP flowers because she had gone above and beyond on a particular occasion and I wanted to show my appreciation. Flowers are OK.

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We All Get Those Weeks

Perfectly healthy people get “those weeks”. Chronically ill people get them too, even us retired ones. My purpose in sharing my week is to assure other chronically ill people, you are NOT alone. Things just go nuts sometimes.

For a few weeks I had been experiencing a recurring tightness in my chest, off and on. Then I was getting spasmodic nausea episodes again. Occasionally I was feeling lightheadedness. My gut feeling was along the lines of my actual gut playing up, BUT to be on the safe side, I called Nurse On Call. Because of my medical status and my symptoms, the nurse called an ambulance, so I ended up in the Emergency Department (ED). This was Thursday, October 20.

Why did I call Nurse On Call? Well, last time I tried to walk off left upper quadrant abdominal pain and ended up taking myself to ED, my GP was not overly impressed with my self-care solution, so I thought this time I’d be more sensible.

AS COVID-19 OVERWHELMS HEALTH SYSTEMS, WHAT OF NON-COVID PATIENTS?

Even so, I felt like an absolute fraud – I was convinced someone else needed that ambulance more than I did. In ED they did the appropriate blood tests, which all were, thankfully, negative. They organised a NM Myocardial Perfusion stress test for the morning to categorically rule out my heart as the cause of my symptoms. I was allowed to go home.

Specific grabs from the paperwork

Prior to my trip to Nuclear Medicine the next morning, I prepared my breakfast (I had checked I didn’t need to fast) and made my coffee. I then re-read the paperwork (luckily). For 24 hours before the test, NO caffeine. The cup of coffee went down the sink. Water it was.

The stress test went without a hitch and despite my known nocturnal AV block, my heart is functioning very well.

The general consensus was at this point back to my gut (after we had discounted gall stones on the basis I have no gall bladder). So I have doubled my Somac (Pantoprazole) as per previous gastroenterological advice.

Missed my weight training on the Thursday. Not happy. Given I now had the heart all clear, I was back lifting weights on Saturday. However, I was modifying my workout because that morning I had woken up with VERY painful hands and fingers. Took 15 mg of Prednisolone per my rheumatologist’s instructions for situations like that. If it wasn’t one thing, it was another. The inflammation in my hands was not going to impact my lower body!

I took Sunday as an active rest day.

Yesterday (Monday) I lost my grip on the coffee jar. It hit the coffee mug. The coffee mug hit the floor.

My coffee mug!

Later in the day I went to cut some cheese. Cheese is soft, right? My right wrist was so painful I could not cut the cheese. The wrist wasn’t sore just hanging around doing nothing, but I could not cut cheese. So 15 mg Prednisolone again this morning (yes, could have taken it last night, but it interferes with sleep, so this morning it was). THIS time I will take it for three days.

Also yesterday I had to venture into dangerous territory – public transport. You see, as well as the above, I had noticed my gums were receding slightly. I needed a trip to the dentist and public transport is the only real option as parking is a nightmare in the city.

I’m masked for public transport!

Virtually no-one was masked. Going in wasn’t so bad as there were not many other passengers: coming home was a crowded carriage and I counted only two other people wearing masks and one of those two was clearly a health care worker. Now mandatory isolation has been done away with, I can only imagine how many Covid-19 infectious people might have been on that train. Hence the full force mask! That is not a typo, by the way – I do mean full force!

To digress slightly, I have been working with a team on a petition to reinstate mandatory Covid-19 isolation. My suddenly having these personal health glitches was not helping as I was not contributing as I wanted to. As you are reading this, please visit, read, sign and share the petition! We have over 12,300 signatures so far!

Reinstate Mandatory Covid-19 Isolation
Click here to sign

All the while my guts were not exactly behaving, but I’m not going into details, that is more than enough information! As I am typing this, I have needed another nausea wafer, but at least there is improvement from last week!

Today it was back to the GP to confirm I am doing all the right things. Then it was off to the gym, again being careful of my hands and adapting my workout. When I came out of the gym, I looked as red as my lipstick, but sadly the darn camera did not capture the redness! I was annoyed at my camera!

After my workout

Despite all of this, I have still kept up my step count, except for the Thursday. I’ve still found flowers, including the great foxglove which reminded me of my childhood.

My walking flowers

So that is my week so far. Some of us will get much worse weeks. After all, I’m just juggling sore hands and a grumpy gut. Even when “mildish”, these weeks can be disruptive. I’ve had difficulty concentrating. I haven’t got the things done I wanted to do this week. I’ve been very grateful I am retired as the fact I’ve been below par hasn’t impacted work colleagues or work deadlines. I still managed to paint my nails (of course).

To friends and family members of chronically ill people, please be aware that even though we may essentially have our conditions under control, well managed: we will still have “those weeks”. Make your patient a cup of coffee, take them out to lunch if they are up for it. Be gentle.

Reminder: this also links into the topic discussed in “We Don’t All Look Sick! Invisible Illness“. Please read that too if you have a moment.

Robyn Dunphy3 Comments

What is Psoriatic Arthritis?

I mention having psoriatic arthritis (PsA), yet I’ve never explained in layman’s terms what it actually is. This is partly because initially I was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There is reasonable general knowledge about RA so I didn’t write about it specifically at the time. There are over 100 forms of arthritis – PsA is just one.

PsA is also not to be confused with PSA. PSA stands for Prostrate-Specific Antigen. Usually in reference to the PSA test. In text the difference is clear, but I have had some funny looks from people when I’ve spoken PsA. Even in writing, for example on Twitter, people get confused thinking I’ve just made a typo with the little “s”, but I’m a woman, so….. how could PSA apply to me? It doesn’t. PsA does.

PsA is not nearly as well known as RA is. I know a fellow patient who just tells people she has RA rather than have to repeatedly explain what PsA is. All the PsA patients I know have run into healthcare workers who’ve never heard of it. It is quite similar in some respects to RA, but there are some major differences.

As the name implies, it is related to the skin condition psoriasis. PsA was officially recognized as a distinct disease in 1964 by the (now) American College of Rheumatology. The prevalence in the general population is estimated at around 1%, however the estimates vary. I’ve cited 1% as it is the figure I see most often. PsA is not technically a rare disease. While definitions of rare diseases are different in different jurisdictions, most definitions are around a prevalence in the population of 0.05%. Even so, at 1% we are not the most common patients around either!

Up to 30% of people with the skin condition psoriasis may develop PsA. I’ve seen numbers as high as 42% given in some studies, but for general understanding, 30% will suffice.

For readers who have never seen psoriasis there are different types and they look different. Here is my ankle during one recent flare as an example.

Psoriasis

The genetics of PsA are still being investigated, but strong genetic links have been found. It tends, therefore, to run in families. My doctors and I suspect I am third generation.

PsA is classified as a spondyloarthropathy. It is an IMID – immune mediated inflammatory disease. There are five different types of PsA and a person may have more than one type:

  • Symmetric arthritis
  • Asymmetric arthritis
  • Distal interphalangeal (DIP) predominant
  • Spondylitis
  • Arthritis mutilans

PsA can affect just about any joint in the body, it is not fussy (RA is a little more choosy). It moves around the body. It loves (in my case) entheses – of which we have more than 100! Entheses are where a ligament or tendon inserts into the bone. It can be very “ouchy”. It is also a disease that affects men and women equally.

Getting a formal diagnosis can still prove difficult. I’m a classic example as I was originally diagnosed with RA. I did not have really visible psoriasis at the time. My psoriasis blew up while I was on hydroxychloroquine – this was the driver of my new diagnosis. Hydroxychloroquine has been shown to exacerbate or induce psoriasis. PsA will also express itself in some patients before the skin condition presents itself. There are no easy tests to diagnose PsA, it is often a process of elimination of other possibilities. I was fortunate to be diagnosed and therefore treated early in my journey. We slowed the progression of the disease before too much damage was done.

Comorbidities are common:

Epidemiological studies have shown that patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are often affected by numerous comorbidities that carry significant morbidity and mortality. Reported comorbidities include diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune eye disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, depression, and fibromyalgia. All health care providers for patients with PsA should recognize and monitor those comorbidities, as well as understand their effect on patient management to ensure an optimal clinical outcome.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5298365/

I’ve had cysts develop that in one case was dissecting a leg muscle, in another case the cyst drilled a “huge” (that’s a quote from the surgeon) hole in a toe bone and I needed a bone graft. This sort of thing won’t happen to every patient, of course, but is an illustration of the sorts of challenges patients face. Nodules can grow on tendons – I have a few of those. Cognitive impairment, otherwise known as “brain fog” is common. Fingers and toes can swell to look like sausages, this is called dactylitis. I’ve had a whole hand swell up, while the other remained fine. Here is a comparison of my hands at the time.

Veins and tendons visible on the right, not so much on the left

I’m slowly losing fine motor control of my fingers. It is annoying, but manageable so far.

Malaise is another symptom that I don’t experience often, but it does pop up from time to time. Just feeling crappy, basically. Feeling very blah! Like pain flares, malaise can come and go unpredictably.

Fatigue or lethargy is a symptom that doesn’t get nearly enough attention. It can be debilitating and impact on the patient’s ability to manage the condition appropriately. Exercise is considered critical in the management of PsA, but if the patient has no energy, nothing in the tank, exercise can be challenging. This improves with exercise, over time, but it does take dedication on the part of the patient. Eating and sleeping properly go without saying, naturally!

Flares can appear out of nowhere and disappear as quickly as they arrived. I recall once waking with an excruciatingly painful wrist. Eight hours later it was 100% normal. Flares may also linger. I’ve had steroid shots in both shoulders, vastly different to my painful wrist experience. PsA is notoriously unpredictable. It can destroy your finger and toe nails. Anyone who follows me knows, for me that would be a devastating event! Hence the feature photo of my pride & joy!

No, I haven’t specifically mentioned pain, have I? Everyone’s pain is different. For the most part (aside from the occasional flare or when a medication stops working) I am pain free. That’s due to a combination of factors: early diagnosis therefore early treatment, exercise, appropriate medication. When my previous medication stopped working, I was in heaps of pain. I detailed that in “I Sat in my Car and Cried“.

This is not in any way a medical article, it is a short summary of what PsA is and can be for the newly diagnosed and family and friends. Below I have listed authoritative links readers may find relevant. I will update this list from time to time as new articles become available. Whatever I publish today will likely be out of date tomorrow as PsA is a condition that medical science is still investigating and learning about. The photos I have used are my own.

Informative Links:

Psoriatic arthritis: epidemiology, clinical features, course, and outcome (BMJ)

The Genetics of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (The Journal of Rheumatology)

Genetics of psoriatic arthritis (PubMed)

Types of psoriatic arthritis (Psoriatic Arthritis Info, sponsored by AbbVie)

Spondyloarthropathies (HealthLinkBC)

Enthesitis and PsA (Arthritis Foundation)

Psoriatic arthritis – diagnosis (Mayo Clinic)

Understanding Arthritis (Arthritis Australia)

We Don’t All Look Sick: Invisible Illness (Limberation)

We Need Mental Health as well as Physical Health (Limberation)

Robyn Dunphy15 Comments

“How Can I Afford to Exercise?”

This question has been passed to me from a health care worker and is a very valid question. Many people with chronic conditions are on a limited budget. They may be working reduced hours, be on the Disability Support Pension (or worse, have been forced onto JobSeeker) or Age Pension. Disclosure: I am an age pensioner, so I have lived experience of the budgetary constraints! Like me, many will not have qualified for the NDIS. I’ve written before about the The Costs of Chronic Illness, many of which no-one, least of all governments, seem to think about! If we can’t afford to take care of ourselves, the costs of our healthcare rise.

There is definitely an argument for governments, via the health system, to make exercise more affordable for the chronically ill, but what can we do now?

Please note there are many links in this article to past articles. That keeps this article shorter than it might otherwise be. Click through to read the details!

Doctors, I find, are often (not always) good at telling patients to get exercise, but that is where the advice stops! How is left up to the patient!

Most of us can’t afford a private physiotherapist or exercise physiologist on a weekly basis. I have both myself, but unless I need specific support for a specific problem, I don’t see them as it bites the budget. I wish I could see my exercise physiologist on a weekly basis! This was one of the reasons I initially undertook my Fitness Coach education – to help people like me.

So WHAT can we do to keep costs controlled? Then I will look at WHEN we should do the exercise!

Find a gym that offers concessions: I am a member of my local council aquatic centre. This has a fully equipped gym, great hydrotherapy pool, 25 metre indoor pool, 50 metre outdoor pool, spas and a sauna. Everything I need in one place. Due to my PCC (Pensioner Concession Card) I receive a 40% discount on the membership fee. I pay fortnightly so I can suspend my membership for four weeks a year for free (e.g. hospitalisation, surgery, etc). No lock in contract either – watch out for those! Places like this are harder to find in regional areas, unfortunately.

Memberships are generally much cheaper than paying casual rates per visit. Finding a facility that offers all the services you need, as mine does, is a bonus. If you are working reduced hours, you may qualify for a concession card even if you are not technically unemployed or on a pension. Check your eligibility. The Seniors Card also attracts membership discounts.

Aside from weights, a gym gives you access to indoor rowing machines, stationary bikes and treadmills. All very useful equipment.

Have equipment at home: therabands or resistance bands come in various strengths and are available from physiotherapists and stronger ones are available at sporting goods stores. I also have a swiss ball and my daughter lent me an aerobic step when I had my knee surgery. Many of us have space considerations therefore having equipment at home has limitations. It isn’t just space: I own 2 kg and 5 kg dumbbells but realistically that doesn’t allow me to Pace UP my strength training. I need the gym for that as I have no space to house a full dumbbell set, nor can I afford one! Suggest to family members a good Christmas Present would be [whatever it is you need].

Home Equipment
Christmas Present from family – was very useful during TKR rehab!

Floor exercises at home: many exercises can be done at home without weights, sufficient for our therapeutic needs. Squats, glute bridges, planks, push ups (against the wall is fine) as a few examples. However, getting down onto the floor and back up again is not possible for all of us. I did glute bridges on my dining room table when preparing for my total knee replacement. After my knee surgery I found a way to slide off a lounge chair onto the floor using my arms, then used my arms to lift myself back up after I’d done my rehab exercises. I strongly recommend paying for at least one formal training session to ensure you have correct technique – you do NOT want to damage anything through incorrect technique. See your GP about a Health Care Plan to have five physiotherapist or exercise physiologist visits covered by Medicare – bulk billing is rare though, so make sure you are on top of your Medicare Safety Net details.

Walking: never underestimate the benefits of walking as exercise. Best of all, walking is FREE! Well, free after you’ve allowed for the cost of decent walking shoes – important with most medical conditions! It helps if you can find a local park or walking track that makes walking a pleasant experience. The featured photo above is of Gardiners Creek, a lovely spot! Some parks are implementing exercise/fitness equipment in a corner of the park, so keep an eye out for such in your locality. However, please take note of my “when” cautions at the end of this article before rushing off to walk your way to a healthier you.

Central Park
Fitness Equipment – free in the park

These public fitness equipment spots generally do not allow for a balanced workout. For example, there is a leg press in that photo but no leg curl for the hamstrings.

Get a step counter of some sort. I recently upgraded from a Vivofit generation 1 to a Garmin Forerunner 55 (bought on special). It also counts my swimming laps. You need to be able to monitor your progress properly. Christmas stocking request! Nothing more motivating than seeing your progress graphically AND wanting to maintain/improve it. Below is a comparison of the last eight weeks. Bear in mind I moved home and retired in August. I was pretty exhausted to be honest, plus there was a health “glitch”. Therefore August/September situation was messy on the steps front. Even with that excuse, I like the graph on the right MUCH better! It is good to actually see your progress.

Compare the months

Garmin Connect on your phone lets you see everything at a glance. The app is free (just as well, because the watches aren’t!). If you already have an Apple watch, check out what you may already have available.

Before any reader goes “Uh ha! We caught you! That’s more that 10%.” Yes, it is more than 10% comparing those two 4 week periods, but not overall! Plus I was still going to the gym and swimming, just the steps and walking took a tumble. I also changed my goal structure after I retired, but that is a whole other discussion for another day!

I will walk to the supermarket or pharmacy and record that as a walk. Just over 1 km. Same back. Walk to my favourite coffee shop. 1.30 km trip. Not possible for all, I know, but think about what activities you can turn into an exercise event in a similar way.

Swimming: see gym membership above. If you live near a beach, even better! Swim for free!

Hydrotherapy: wonderful if you can have access to a hydrotherapy pool with a gym membership as I do. Definitely not enough of these around, especially in regional areas. I also do squats and lunges in the pool. I have specific equipment to help me achieve my goals. Bought before I retired, but perhaps another Christmas stocking option!

Hydrotherapy equipment drying after use

Cycling/Running: both great options if you are able to. Good running shoes are expensive. Buying (and maintaining) a bike and related equipment is even more expensive. Gym membership gives you access to stationary bikes. Stationary bikes can be better when starting out as you don’t accidentally overdo it – you can stop when you feel that change in your body (see Pacing for Beginners) rather than find yourself too far from home and suffering later from over exertion. There is NOTHING to be gained from riding 35 kms today and being unable to do anything for the next three days. Consistency is key.

Motivation: I personally struggle to find motivation to do exercises at home. I’m much better going to the gym. I was fantastic at the daily rehab after knee surgery, but that had measurements and specific goals involved. We are all different, some find being diligent at home easy. I don’t. Unless I’m trying to fix something, like rehab a temporarily grumpy shoulder. Joining walking groups is a great idea, but in practice not suitable for all chronically ill people. For example, a group may walk at a much faster pace than we can safely manage with our condition/(s), walk further or walk at times that don’t suit our condition/(s) (e.g. morning stiffness/pain). I’d love to join the local swimming group, but I need to be able to swim 2 kms without stopping – I’m not there yet. Fitness classes can be demoralising if we can’t keep up. I recommend strength training is more beneficial anyway! We need to select exercise modes that suit us in order to maintain our motivation, especially if we are paying for a membership.

Covid-19 Considerations: no matter where we go at the moment, remember to be Covid safe. We already have underlying conditions, we don’t need Covid-19 on top. But then neither do we want to let our underlying conditions run riot because we are protecting ourselves from Covid-19. I wear a mask into the gym. Depending how many people are there I may well keep it on while training. I may warm-up outside rather than on the treadmill. I’ll wear my mask in the hydrotherapy pool and the spa. For lap swimming I take the mask off just before I put my cap and goggles on.

Medical Clearance: Let me repeat something I often say on this web site: ensure you have your doctor’s approval to undertake exercise and ask if there are any limitations. In most cases, musculoskeletal conditions will have no restrictions other than “listen to your body”. Other medical conditions may have certain cautions. Get a clearance. I do notice men can be more gung ho about it, so please see your GP!

I emphasise it does take time to learn to listen to your body.

Now to the WHEN!

I’ll use walking as an example. My daily target is 7,500 steps a day. I know that if I do very little incidental steps, I need to walk 4 kms to reach that 7,500 steps target. I do not walk 4 kms in one go. Now I am retired from the workforce I can walk whenever it suits me. When I was working I would aim for 1.33 kms before work, lunchtime and after work. Now I generally do 2 kms in one walk and then two separate walks of 1 km each. Many of us can do (say) 4 kms per day easily with respite between the walks, but 4 kms in one burst would drain that internal battery.

Some people may think this takes too much time. Not really. I walk 1 km in about 11.5 minutes. Exercise physiologists tell me each activity over 10 minutes is good. All I have to do is find 11.5 minutes four times a day. That is manageable. In 2014 I started by walking around the block four times a day. Some people have walked around their clotheslines to get started. Where any of us start is not a competition. Maximising your health over time is the objective.

Obviously splitting workouts like that is not really sensible for strength training or swimming – I’m not going to go to the gym four times a day to split up my weight training! Of course, this is where pacing up comes in. Start small, build up slowly.

As mentioned above re cycling, it is critical to follow the pacing principles at all times, even with walking. Where you start with any movement/exercise activity will depend on your current state of health and mobility. We are all different. Cost is not the only consideration here. Depending on where you are starting from, it may be wise to build up on free exercise, then only consider a membership of a gym once you are in a position to utilise that membership effectively. Alternatively, paying a regular membership may actually be motivation to use the facilities: you decide what works for you!

Robyn Dunphy3 Comments

We Don’t All Look Sick! Invisible Illness

Many people who are classified as chronically ill, myself included, don’t look sick or ill. Healthy people can find this a bit of a conundrum. We can be accused of “faking it” or being a hypochondriac. Even worse, we can be criticised for doing the very things we must do to manage our various conditions. With my condition, psoriatic arthritis, I must exercise. This just seems to be a red rag to a bull for the doubters because their understanding of “sick” doesn’t include things like the leg press or lat pull down in the gym!

I wonder how many chronically ill people are actually dissuaded from doing the very things they should do because of this attitude of doubt they encounter from others. That is a study for an enterprising young exercise physiologist and a psychologist to undertake! I’m just posing the question!

In 2018 I wrote “You Look So Healthy!” which was a look at how our emotions can react to being complimented for looking “so good for a sick person”. I also looked at society’s overall acceptance of chronic illness in my more recent article, “Will Society Adapt? When? How?“.

Please be aware not all conditions that MAY be invisible are invisible for everyone. To take psoriatic arthritis as an example, it is invisible in my case SO FAR (and I hope to keep it that way). Other psoriatic arthritis patients will have visible indications of their condition. It may be deformed joints or the need for mobility aids. In fact, psoriatic arthritis is a condition that may wax and wane – so I could be using a walking stick today, but not tomorrow.

People often look for a “gotcha” – and that is very annoying. Having to constantly explain that being chronically ill does NOT mean we have to be in hospital with a cannula in our hand, that yes we can walk 4 kilometres a day but we are still clinically sick is very, very tiring. As I have said before, the reaction I get from the public if I go out with a walking stick is very different to the reaction I get without it. In some respects this is fair enough as without the walking stick there is no indication to anyone that I am not perfectly healthy. However, if I tell someone I need a seat on the tram, I don’t expect to be put through the Spanish Inquisition!

Today I’m looking at the specific question of why, given such a large percentage of the population has one if not more chronic conditions (comorbidity is common), society is not more aware of invisible illness. To use myself as an example, why do people find it difficult to understand that I can do the leg press at the gym, but I can’t clean my shower recess without falling in a heap? For those wondering, it is due to damage in my lumbar spine – which you can’t see. It is invisible.

I sometimes get the strong impression I am not supposed to paint my nails, wear lipstick, or wear my extravagantly floral (happy) leggings. I am supposed to “look unwell”. Why? I think I speak for most of us when I say we go to considerable lengths to NOT look unwell! Doing so makes us happier.

I remember going to my GP once, a while ago now. I was in a flare. My shoulders and wrists were, essentially, unusable. I couldn’t put a bra on (so wore the most bulky windcheater I own to hide the fact). I managed to pull on some tracksuit pants – leggings weren’t happening. Lipstick certainly wasn’t happening. I called a taxi as I didn’t feel safe to drive. “Oh, you are the worst I’ve ever seen you”, she said. True, she had never seen me in such a condition. Had it been my knees or hips or ankles, she would not have seen me in that state: it was only because the joints I use to “look good” were “feeling bad”. Would my GP have recognised how sick I was, though, if I still “looked good”? While only she can answer that, I have been a patient of hers for quite some time now – I think she gets it. But not everyone does.

I would have had NO trouble convincing anyone I was sick that day! But that is not how I want to live my life. It isn’t how I want to look everyday. I don’t want to have to look sick for you to believe I have a chronic condition and trust my requests for certain adjustments.

I don’t want to live my life justifying why I DON’T look like that every day! A friend of mine has MS and he has a card, the size of a credit card, issued by the MS Society confirming his health status. Like me, he doesn’t look ill either, most of the time, to the uninitiated. Maybe a card would be appropriate for more of us.

Above I mentioned walking 4 kilometres. Let me assure you that 4 kilometres is very carefully planned out. I don’t walk out the door and just walk 4 kilometres in one hit. I do hope to pace up to doing that again, but at the moment I’m on the comeback trail. Sometimes, no matter how well we manage our conditions, we have setbacks. We have to pace up again to get back to where we were, provided we can.

I cite myself as having an invisible illness NOW – in ten years it may not be so invisible.

If you are standing in a group of ten randomly selected people, statistically at least four of them will have a chronic condition, maybe more than one chronic condition. There may be absolutely no visible indication. Some readers may have read my rant about public transport – if not, hit that link and read up.

All I ask is don’t assume that a person who looks 100% healthy is actually healthy. Many of the population is not – and we shouldn’t have to explain it every day.

Robyn Dunphy12 Comments
chronic conditions care courage consistency coaching

Use It (Consistently), or Lose It

Modern medicines do many things. Some cure conditions. Many do not (yet) cure, but help in other ways: medications may slow disease progression or manage condition expression (e.g. control/reduce inflammation).

Medication alone is not a silver bullet – it often isn’t enough on its own to retain or regain functional movement and quality of life.

I’m going to share my own practical experience as an illustration. Shoulders are only the example here – the concept is the important bit. Interestingly I had a conversation with my eighty-something year old neighbour this morning who concurs! He told me he has FINALLY learnt to do his rehabilitation exercises religiously, every day. But Jack (not his real name) no longer works: this is where my consistency can suffer!

As per my earlier article, I Sat in My Car and I Cried, 2021 was a bad year for me. I went through a period where everything hurt. Consequently, as I was battling so many bits of my body, my shoulder care slipped. That’s on me, my fault.

My shoulders had first played up in 2016 and with the help of a great physiotherapist and lots of CONSISTENT exercises I’d rehabilitated them. With my usual swimming and weight training, the shoulders had stayed good without the need for specific exercises daily. However, during 2021 because the rest of my body went into meltdown, I was limited in my swimming and weight training. The shoulders progressively worsened to the point I had an ultrasound-guided steroid shot in each shoulder in late October 2021. There was at the time fluid in both shoulders. Not good. I should mention at this point the shoulders may not be exclusively psoriatic arthritis, there is likely some osteoarthritis going on in there too, plus the constant irritation of mouse and keyboard work. Yes, I have a fantastic vertical mouse, but that is more for the wrist than the shoulder. The right shoulder (mouse shoulder) is worse than the left.

Logitech Vertical Mouse – https://www.logitech.com/en-au/products/mice/mx-vertical-ergonomic-mouse.910-005449.html

It wasn’t until after my new medication started working in January 2022 that I was capable of being consistent with my exercises again. But how consistent was I being? As it turns out, not very.

The last couple of weeks are good examples. Saturday I head to the gym and yes, my shoulders hurt for the first couple of reps, but I do the usual upper body routine: lat pull-downs, chest press, seated row, bicep curls etc. By the time I leave the gym I have no shoulder pain. Movement Is Medicine (point 3 in that article). Sunday I head off to the hydrotherapy pool and do more gentle exercises, some involving the shoulders. As of last week I’ve added a few swimming laps (slowly increasing as shoulders toughen up). Monday, back to the gym, but less upper body work as I did the workout on Saturday. By Monday afternoon, my shoulders are singing!

Then comes Tuesday. My first work day of the week. I’m busy. I make sure I get my step count in. No gym today. My shoulders, feeling fine, do not remind me to do my rehab exercises and I slip. Bad me.

Wednesday I might feel a twinge or two when I get up and think to myself, “Robyn, make sure you do your exercises today, you know what happened last week!” Do I? Maybe, maybe not. Depends how exhausted I am at the end of the work day. Note to self: do them before breakfast, you idiot.

By Friday I’m back where I started, with sore shoulders. Again, I kick myself (figuratively speaking).

According to my myotherapist, I am pronating my shoulders. Not surprising as a desk jockey, we have to be so careful and it gets harder as we get older. To counteract the pronation, I bought myself a PostureMedic which I wear under my clothes, not over as shown on the marketing materials! Ran it past my myotherapist for his approval. I don’t wear it all the time, as while it encourages the wearer to hold their shoulders correctly, wearing it isn’t strengthening the muscles required to hold the shoulders in position naturally. I use it as a prevention tool as I first start work to help me develop/maintain correct sitting posture at the desk when I am deeply engrossed in work and can forget about my body.

https://www.posturemedic.com.au/

If you have ever had your shoulders taped by a physiotherapist, it is a bit like that, but something you can put on and take off yourself without the issue of wet tape on your back after a shower!

My goal this week is to be CONSISTENT! To follow my own advice to other people! To do my exercises every day and not lose the gains I make over Saturday, Sunday, Monday.

Modern medications are fantastic, but they don’t do everything. Often, there is no way of medications repairing past damage, for example. If there were, I wouldn’t have needed a total knee replacement! I need to take the time and put in the effort to get my shoulder muscles working properly again. Yes, age is also a factor. In three months I will be three years away from three score and ten – what used to be considered the nominal span of a human life.

I hope by sharing my failures at being CONSISTENT I may have encouraged you to be more consistent than I have managed recently.

Movement IS Medicine.

Robyn Dunphy1 Comment